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The person(s) reading a text, listening to a speech, or observing a performance. Lernen beginnen
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The reason for which something exists or is written. Lernen beginnen
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An article in a newspaper or other periodical presenting the opinion of the author. - artykuł wstępny, wstępniak Lernen beginnen
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Writing that reflects superficial thought and research, a popular plant, a hurried composition, conceived of exemplifying topical newspaper or popular magazine writing as distinguished from scholarly writing. Lernen beginnen
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Information, Ideas, or Rumors that are spread to help or harm a person Lernen beginnen
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A contrasting position/reason in an argument/debate Lernen beginnen
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The aims and principles of a political party. Lernen beginnen
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A tendency to believe that some people, ideas, etc... Are better than others. - tendencyjność, stronniczość, uprzedzenia Lernen beginnen
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To contradict or oppose one side of an argument using logic and evidence? - obalenie (teorii), udowodnienie fałszywości (np. twierdzenia) Lernen beginnen
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The science that studies the formal processes used in thinking and reasoning. Lernen beginnen
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A discussion between 2 sides, using support and evidence. Lernen beginnen
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The act or process of forming opinions that are based on little information. Examples: Lernen beginnen
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The act or process of using logic or reason to form a conclusion. Lernen beginnen
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Reasons or evidence used to prove the claim. Lernen beginnen
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A statement or idea that is accepted as being true and is the base of an argument. - przesłanka, założenie Lernen beginnen
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The art or skill of speaking or writing formally and effectively especially as a way to persuade or influence people. - etoryka, sztuka wymowy Lernen beginnen
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A claim supported by reasons and evidence. Lernen beginnen
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Something that shows wether something else exists or is true. Lernen beginnen
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An often plausible argument using false or invalid information - błędne przekonanie, błędne rozumowanie Lernen beginnen
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Act of causing people to do or believe in something. Lernen beginnen
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An opinion, attitude or judgement. Lernen beginnen
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A discussion took place about the colour of the receptionist's shoes - much ado about nothing!
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dyskutować o czymś, czego nie można zmienić Lernen beginnen
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The final choice was made yesterday, so don't argue the toss now!
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All hell broke loose when it was announced that the plant was going to close down.
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zejść z kogoś, dać mu spokój Lernen beginnen
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Liz, please, get off my back! You've been making comments about my work all morning!
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określić sporne kwestie w konflikcie This expression is used to say that opposing groups are ready to defend the reason behind the conflict. Lernen beginnen
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The battle lines have been drawn between those who accept the changes and those who are against the proposed reforms.
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A conflict, argument or struggle where both sides are determined to win is described as a battle of wills. Lernen beginnen
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When they separated, neither party would make concessions - it was a battle of wills.
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spotkanie mające na celu znalezienie winnych porażki (np. nieudanej kampanii, przegranego przetargu) Lernen beginnen
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A blamestorming session took place following the unfavourable reviews in the press.
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The salaries have been agreed on, but opening on Sundays is still a bone of contention.
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mieć z kimś do pomówienia Lernen beginnen
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have a bone to pick with somebody Mark wants to see the boss. He says he's got a bone to pick with him.
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cieszyć się czyjąś dobrą/złą opinią Lernen beginnen
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be in somebody's good/bad books I'm in my wife's bad books at the moment because I forgot our wedding anniversary.
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I didn't agree with my colleague's decision, but for the sake of peace, I decided to bury the hatchet.
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zmusić kogoś do odkrycia kart If you call someone's bluff, you challenge them to do what they threaten to do (while believing that they will not dare to do it). Lernen beginnen
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After the neighbour's threats to demolish the fence, when Jack decided to call his bluff, there were no more complaints.
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walczyć ze sobą jak pies z kotem Lernen beginnen
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They fight like cat and dog but they're still together after 30 years.
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nieustannie się kłócić (o rodzice) A life in which partners are constantly or frequently quarrelling is called a cat-and-dog life. Lernen beginnen
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They lead a cat-and-dog life. I don't know why they stay together.
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znaleźć się na linii ognia, zostać złapanym w krzyżowy ogień If you are caught in the crossfire, you suffer the effects of an argument or dispute between two people or groups. Lernen beginnen
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be caught in the crossfire When the two taxi drivers started to argue, their passengers were caught in the crossfire.
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oczyścić atmosferę, wyjaśnić sytuację If you decide to clear the air, you try to remove the causes of fear, worry or suspicion by talking about the problem openly. Lernen beginnen
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The atmosphere had become so unpleasant that he decided it was time to clear the air.
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być zdecydowanie przeciwnym czemuś Be strongly opposed to something. Lernen beginnen
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be dead set against something My father wanted a dog, but my mother was dead set against the idea.
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She decided to play devil's advocate just to see how strongly people felt about the project.
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capital punishment/death penalty
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sentence somebody to something
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grupa skazańców skuta łańcuchem (np. gdy pracują na zewnątrz więzienia) Lernen beginnen
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